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Understanding the Mexican Economy - A Social, Cultural and Political Overview
:Roy Boy, María Eugenia Ibarrarán, Roberto Vélez-Grajales


  • Maize development is a staple of unique American agriculture
  • Tomatoes, beans, chili peppers, squash and some others first appeared in Americas
  • Central valley of Mexico, home to many advanced civilizations, putting the "New World" in line with the sophistication of the "Old World" in many respects
  • Spanish arrive and conquer, bringing disease and outright battle that decimate populations
  • Combination of Spanish art and architecture, language, religion, foods and thinking with indigenous populations created the uniquely Mexican culture
  • Much of the population (up to 80%) lost, along with art, language and religious aspects of original inhabitants. forever.
  • Revolutionary wars throughout hemisphere leads to independence in 1821
  • Mexican American War, loss of Texas, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico and California
  • May 5, 1862 Benito Juárez forces defeated French army (arriving to collect debts and seize as much as possible under Napolean III) Cinco de Mayo
  • Juárez known as a reformer and liberal, well regarded to this day
  • As infrastructure and economic development increased due to railroads, mining, etc, inequality grew more prevalent, especially in comparison of North vs. South
  • Constitution of 1917, curtail church, property redistribution, promotion of education by gov´t
  • PEMEX creation by Cárdenas in 1938 - oil and gas industry nationalized
  • 1940-1970 considered relatively stable, a single political party (PRI) mostly controlled everything, which lead to corruption but also stable transitions of power 
  • 1980s saw lost revenue from oil prices dropping, huge earthquake in CDMX, debt "Lost Decade"
  • 1994 NAFTA, many good signs, but long-standing problems still remained (devaluation of currency)
  • 32 separate states, 25% of economic activity located in CDMX
  • Strong linkage between the natural resource endowment and pace of growth an region
  • Heavy involvement of foreign firms and capital in natural resource sector, leading to resentment, conflict, nationalization
  • Heavy boom and bust cycles due to reliance on natural resources, Mexico overly dependent 
  • In 1990s, deregulation and free trade encouraged
  • PEMEX directly contributes 65% of its total revenues to the government, making up almost 40% of gov't revenue
  • Opening up of national industries, less subsidization, NAFTA impacts
    • All factors point to a future wherein less regulations will be helpful economically, but difficult politically in terms of reducing inequality and overall GDP/per capita growth

Four Fundamentals of Sales Analytics Success: What Sales Ops Need to Know
:Tableau